
A number of years ago I was conducting a research project on the Navajo Nation Indian Reservation in the Southwestern US. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Navajo developed program called Peacemaking to prevent and reduce interpersonal violence.
Part of my research included the distribution of a survey. One of the questions on the survey asked participants to identify their religion. This seemed like a pretty straightforward question, but I needed tested the question and when I did this I found something I could never have expected.*
Going into this work I knew that not only were Navajos relatively traditional compared to many other Indian communities in North America, but they were also going through a revival of core traditional values.
Yet the responses I received for this question were: Catholic, Mormon, Baptist, and Native American Church (a 20th century developed faith that blends some common elements of Native American beliefs with Christianity). Do you notice something missing?
Not one respondent said “traditional Navajo”. I had to figure out why this was happening. After a little exploration I learned something that astounded me at the time. The Navajo language (Dinè

does not have a word for “religion”. Thus, traditional indigenous life ways are not thought of as a religion. Christianity is a religion. Navajo is not. Rather, Navajo is a way of life.
Further exploration into this matter revealed that no North American Indian language has a word for religion. This amazed me. The religion concept is relatively new to them and is not part of any native culture. I needed to find out what was going on, because, as an anthropology major (as an undergraduate - I was a Ph.D student at the time of this research), I had thought that pre-mass agricultural societies were, if nothing else, religious and mystical.
One of the people that indirectly guided me in my investigations was the great American sociologist
Morris Berman and, in particular, his book
Wandering God.
Every word has a story and the story of religion is a fascinating one. It is a story that has immense power of self and group liberation. Gather around and listen carefully.
Prior to the develop of intensive agricultural most people were hunter gatherers. Hunter gatherers have a lot in common. They live in temporary communities and they have very few manufactured items. One item they lack is containers designed to store food. Everyday they are faced with the task of collecting or hunting enough food to keep the group alive. Imagine what it would be like living with this potentially deadly fear in your life every single day. Imagine how heightened this fear would become in the cold depths of Winter.
Were these people living lives of fear and insecurity (like modern people with all of their technology and convenience)? Essentially everyone who has lived with and studied these people say a resounding “no”.
How could this be among a people who lack religion - who have no god to appeal to in times of want, darkness and fear?
They had something we lack. They had an implicit trust that the world would take care of them. They didn’t need religion. For them the world itself was alive. It blazed with its aliveness and their awareness was intensely sharpened and equally alive.
About 10,000 years ago, in the part of the world we call Iraq and Iran people figured out how to harness the power of nature through intensive agriculture. This was not only the seed of a new agriculture, it was the enduring seed of civilization itself. And it is at this point that religion gets its start.
Prior to the development of intensive agriculture, people depended on nature. But now with the creation of large-scale farms the secure relationship with nature was ripped apart. Life depended on the success of the farm. With a stretch of bad weather or the failure of system of irrigation, the people would face starvation and death. All of a sudden people needed a way to control their world.
And it was religion that stepped in to fulfill this task. Religion created a pantheon of gods that needed to be kept happy. To placate the potentially unreliable gods, people developed complex ceremonies, they performed animal and human sacrifices. The powerful priestly class became the conduits between the newly helpless men and women to express their pleas to the gods.
But something much bigger also arose in the development of intensive agriculture, permanent towns, city-states, the ruling class, and war; and that was the development of
life as suffering. The vast majority of men became powerless workers on the fields of the priests and ruling elites. They worked from dawn to dusk to make sure that the people had enough to eat
and that the ruling class could live in extraordinary luxury and that their armies could be powerful and well armed. Thus the workers who did all of the hard labor of civilization also died in its defense as the various rulers planned and carried out wars to increase their power and control -
for unless we nurture our need for power and control that power and control would just wither away.
Women, who were once key to their group, now became baby makers for many more people were needed to work the farms and staff the armies. So instead of the 1-2 children of the hunting/gathering family, women were expected to be pregnant from 4-10 times in their lives and often more. They toiled day and night raising their families and helping out with the farm labor.
Truly the life as suffering was now well established.
So religion took the next
essential step. It declared that this life is indeed suffering, but that a much better life awaits us all after death ...
if we are obedient to the authority of the church/temple and to the ruler who is the son of god, if not god himself (I intentionally used the masculine pronoun).
Thus (and please hear this carefully), the role of religion became one that coerced order onto people by helping them
transcend this world. From the perspective of religion this world became the world of sin, of the dream, of the illusion. To be happy, we
must transcend this world! Religion and transcendence became one and the same. No duality could be more powerful or crippling than this one.
Now look back at this story. People started from a place of trust and community and evolved to a place of fear and insecurity. They started from a place that adored this world and were profoundly connected to its rhythms and touch and evolved to a place where this world was just one of endless toil and insecurity.
And it was the task of religion to make all of this possible.
We can now understand these Navajos who answered the “religion” question with any answer
except “Navajo”. What a breakthrough this was for me. It changed my life and even provided me with an understanding that such relatively sophisticated religious systems that one sees in Buddhism as still one of control.
This understanding, thanks to Morris Berman and the many traditional Navajo counselors and healers who aided me with the writing of
Liberation from the Lie informs this work with this realization. If we are ever to find our Authentic Selves we must first understand our own culture, which includes all religions that reinforce the underlying beliefs that we far too often take for granted as normal. They are not normal. They are instruments whose sole purpose is to domesticate and doom our essential selves. The moment our families, our churches/temples, schools, and government became the instruments of our own ruthless domestication, we have abandoned our true selves. Waking up means to wake up to this profound understanding.
This is not a simple understanding. It goes against nearly everything we believe we know yet it is the voice of truth. This is exactly why I wrote my book. It is the manual to finding yourself prior to your self-negation through the well intended ways of your family, your religion, and your culture. A new birth means a birth as only and exclusively yourself, cleared of these influence.
If this post ‘resonates’ with you, then you have taken a very large step in your own liberation. Your Authentic Self has never ever left you. Her light fills everything in your world. The moment you see that light as yourself, fully divorced from the social and cultural constraints of this world - on that day you are free.
*Before the formal distribution of a survey, survey items (questions) are tested on a much smaller population.
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Tags: Belief, religion